The afterglow of France winning the 2018 World Cup should be gone by now. But the arguments over France’s 23-man squad, with as many as 15 players with African roots, rage on. The victory has ignited social commentaries on race, immigration and national identity across the international terrain.
Two days after the final, Trevor Noah – host of the late-night American TV talk programme The Daily Show – jokingly alluded to France’s World Cup triumph as an indisputable bilateral “win-win” for Africa(ns): “Africa won the World Cup… I get it, they have to say it’s a French team, but look at those guys. You don’t get that tan by hanging out in the South of France, my friends.”
As a British Nigerian – and as such part of the worldwide, transnational African diaspora community – I, along with multiple other Africans, both continental and diasporan, basked in the reflected glory of Noah’s sentiment as we congratulated the French team from afar. However, the French Ambassador to the US, Gérard Araud, didn’t think the South African-born comedian’s joke was funny. He sent an indignant official letter to Noah the very next day saying that nothing could be less true than his quip about “an African victory”.
That evening on his show, Noah stood by his satirical comments. He argued that Araud was in fact tippexing out the African identities of the French players. It’s this dual identity argument where the crux of the tension lies – an issue I’ve explored in my research on the identifies of African diaspora communities.
In his letter Araud said this to Noah about the African-rooted French players: “By calling them African, it seems you are denying their Frenchness.”
Araud’s comments suggest that national identity transcends and supplants the assumed limitations of racial and ethno-cultural heritage. That it renders their heritage wholly irrelevant and unreconciled. A person is simply French – and unequivocally so. Within this speculative proposition, are we to assume that forward Kylian Mbappé’s Algerian and Cameroonian roots are annulled? Or, that midfielder Paul Pogba’s “Guinean-ness” is a mere figment of his “undiluted French” imagination?
No. It would be utterly naïve and ill-advised to arrive at such conclusions.
If there is one thing that my research on the identities of African diaspora communities has taught me, it is that they are seldom tethered to the extremities of irreconcilably divided loyalties of “you’re either this”, or “you’re that”. Rather, identity boundaries for African minorities are blurred, inconsistent, situationally-driven, provisional, dynamic and transformational.
These convoluted identity configurations are appropriated and remastered by black and brown folk in their daily attempts to make “meaning” legible in their lived and racialised realities. Within this frame, it is important to understand that the African diaspora constitutes complex and multiplicitous identities. It is not for others then – especially white privileged others – to provide the unsolicited space within which their identities are defined, confined and deemed as comprehensible.
Ultimately, this removes the agency of choice in African “self”-definition. It begs the question, if it is true that “roots” are “individual reality” as Araud proclaims, then why implicate the French African players in all-inclusive assimilationist narratives? Where’s the individuality in that?
Suffice to say, it is this hybridity that has affixed my “British” to “Nigerian”, “English” to “Yoruba”, and the “Afro” to my “European” – all coexisting in their complementary contradictions.
If anything, the argument between Noah and Araud implores a rethinking in how France engages with identity, especially for African diaspora communities.
Noah is right. The players, and many other people, can indeed be both French and African.