Analysis
(Reuters) Bell Pottinger, one of Britain's best-known PR agencies, has been expelled from the industry's trade association over a campaign judged to have deliberately stoked racial tensions in South Africa.
"There is something rotten at the heart of the company," Francis Ingham, Director General of the Public Relations and Communications Association (PRCA), told Reuters.
The association, which represents 400 businesses and 20,000 individuals, found that Bell Pottinger had backed a campaign that played on race relations, in support of South African President Jacob Zuma and his ruling party.
The expulsion came into effect on Tuesday for a minimum of five years, after which the firm can reapply -- the harshest sanction possible and unprecedented for such a prominent member.
Opponents of Zuma portrayed as 'white monopoly capital'
South Africa's main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, had complained about the campaign, which portrayed opponents of President Jacob Zuma as agents of "white monopoly capital", with slogans referring to "economic apartheid".
Such slogans gained traction in a country where the white minority still wields disproportionate economic power, two decades after the end of apartheid.
Bell Pottinger was paid 100,000 pounds ($129,000) a month by Oakbay, the holding company of the Indian-born Gupta family, which has been accused of using its closeness to Zuma to win government contracts. Zuma and the Guptas deny any wrongdoing.
"This ruling is by no means an indication that Bell Pottinger is off the hook just yet," DA spokeswoman Phumzile van Damme said on Tuesday.
"Bell Pottinger must take responsibility for their actions and disclose all information regarding their Oakbay Capital account."
'Disputes' ruling
In a statement, Bell Pottinger said it accepted there were lessons to be learned, but disputed "the basis on which the ruling was made". It said it would continue to abide by the PRCA's code of ethics.
Bell Pottinger is no stranger to controversy. Its clients have included Syrian first lady Asma al-Assad, the Pinochet Foundation, which promotes the legacy of the former Chilean dictator, and other governments and firms criticised for human rights abuses or corruption.
This most recent scandal has prompted the firm's CEO to resign and the dismissal or suspension of four members of staff.
South African investment bank Investec, mining company Acacia and luxury goods firm Richemont have recently dropped their accounts with Bell Pottinger.
"Reprehensible' piece of work
The PRCA's Ingham said the firm's South African campaign was a "completely reprehensible piece of work".
"The view of the PRCA board was that Bell Pottinger's actions were deliberately intended to create exactly the result they did -- stirring up racial hatred in a very sensitive area of the world."
While the firm can continue to operate, the ruling will take its toll in an industry that trades on reputation.
The firm had previously commissioned an independent report into the matter by law firm Herbert Smith Freehills.
It found some of the campaign's material was potentially racially divisive and offensive, but rejected allegations that the company was behind so-called Twitterbots which artificially amplified apparent public support.
In July, the firm's chief executive James Henderson issued an "unequivocal and absolute" apology to anyone affected, fired the lead partner involved in the campaign and suspended another partner and two other employees.
On Monday, after reading the independent report, Henderson resigned. He said while he had ultimate responsibility for Bell Pottinger, he had been "misled" over the campaign by colleagues.