It has been a record-breaking year for the number of grey seal pups born around the east coast of Britain.
New record totals have been recorded at sites including Horsey and Blakeney Point in Norfolk, and at Donna Nook nature reserve in Lincolnshire.
By contrast, seal pup populations on the west coast were badly hit by former Hurricane Ophelia in October.
A number of seal pup deaths were recorded off Pembrokeshire, and also at the Isle of Man.
However, at many sites around the east coast, numbers continue to swell year on year.
At Horsey, near Great Yarmouth, a new record of 1,643 grey seal pups has been recorded, topping 2016’s record of 1,500.
Volunteers from Friends of Horsey Seals completed the latest count on the beach on Thursday morning.
Peter Ansell, the group’s chairman, said that he expected record numbers to continue each year “until a natural disaster”, or disease or dwindling fish stocks affected the seals.
A grey seal pup on the beach at Horsey Gap (Joe Giddens/PA)
He said the increase was “a bit like compound interest”, with female seal pups maturing, returning to the beach aged four or five once in season to mate, then a year later to give birth.
Numbers were also up at Blakeney Point on the north Norfolk coast, with 2,598 pups counted on Monday – exceeding the previous record from 2014.
Stephen Prowse, lead ranger for the National Trust on the Norfolk coast, said good population survival rates in previous years and previous breeding seasons were the likely cause of the increase.
The most recent count at Donna Nook nature reserve in Lincolnshire put the tally at 1,984 grey seal pups born – more than the 1,957 counted last year.
Grey seals on the beach at Horsey Gap (Joe Giddens/PA)
Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust, which manages the reserve, said year-on-year numbers had increased rapidly in the past, but had started to level off in recent years.
By contrast, numbers at Horsey continue to increase at a more rapid rate, though the reason for these differing rates is not known.
The pupping season is expected to finish in January, when final numbers will be known.