Newly declassified documents reveal members of the UK government once considered plans to make Russia an associate member of Nato.
A memo from January 1995 shows defence secretary Malcolm Rifkind suggested there was an opportunity to change the relationship with Russia and Central Europe for the first time since the end of the Cold War, highlighting the political and military alliance as a possible means for doing so.
The note from Rifkind’s department identified how “integrating Russia into the European and Western family of nations in a realistic and sensitive way” was “the most difficult problem we face”.
The memo was written ahead of a Chequers summit discussing foreign policy and released among a tranche of declassified documents at the National Archives at Kew, PA Media reports.
It said making Boris Yeltsin’s Russia a full member of Nato would “always be impossible”, and said giving it an Article V guarantee – a core tenet of Nato’s founding treaty, committing to collective defence responsibilities – could prove difficult in sending forces to the farthest flung corners of Europe to fight on Russia’s vast borders.
A possible solution, it was claimed in the memo, was to “create a new category of Associate Member of Nato”, giving Russia a formal status to attend meetings but without the Article V guarantee.
Aides agreed to keep the suggestion confidential ahead of the the Chequers summit.
Minutes from that summit described how the chancellor, Ken Clarke, “was cautious about [Nato] expansion”.
It added: “At the extreme, some were even contemplating including Russia in Nato.
“That was farcical and should not be on our agenda.”
Rifkind agreed at Chequers that Russia should not become a full member of Nato, but stressed the need to make it “a more normal member of our western family”, or risk is reverting to authoritarianism.
Minutes also reveal how John Major used a literary flourish to sum up the UK’s position in the world as he saw it at the time, describing the country as “too much of a team player”.
Referring to the prime minister’s comments, the minutes add: “We did not pursue our self-interest with the ruthless determination of the US and France.
“We had tended to play Sancho Panza to the US’ Don Quixote.”
The reference was to the Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes, where Sancho Panza is a simple peasant who loyally follows land noble Don Quixote.
The prime minister said the main threat from Russia was “as a source of trouble” through arms deals with poorer countries.
Nato currently has 29 member countries. Russia is not among them.