Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson has expressed "outrage" at the "reckless provocation" of North Korea's latest missile launch.
The rebuke came after South Korea said Pyongyang fired a ballistic missile towards the sea between the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
Johnson tweeted: "Outraged at reckless provocation by #NorthKorea. Strongly condemn latest illegal missile launch by #DPRK."
The launch prompted warnings for residents to "take cover" while provoking a sharp reaction from Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and other leaders.
The test, one of the most provocative ever from the reclusive state, appeared to have been of a recently developed intermediate-range Hwasong-12 missile, experts said.
It came as US and South Korean forces conduct annual military drills on the peninsula, to which North Korea strenuously objects.
Earlier this month, North Korea threatened to fire four Hwasong-12 missiles into the sea near the US. Pacific territory of Guam after President Donald Trump warned Pyongyang would face "fire and fury" if it threatened the United States.
North Korea has conducted dozens of ballistic missile tests under young leader Kim Jong Un, the most recent on Saturday, but firing projectiles over mainland Japan is rare.
"North Korea's reckless action is an unprecedented, serious and a grave threat to our nation," Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters.
Abe said he spoke to Trump on Tuesday and they agreed to increase pressure on North Korea. Trump also said the United States was "100 percent with Japan", Abe said.
The United Nations Security Council would meet later on Tuesday to discuss the test, diplomats said.
Earlier this month, the 15-member Security Council unanimously imposed new sanctions on NorthKorea in response to two long-range missile launches in July.
South Korea's military said the missile was launched from near the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, just before 6am local time (10pm GMT) and flew 1,680 miles, reaching an altitude of about 340 miles.
"We will respond strongly based on our steadfast alliance with the United States if North Koreacontinues nuclear and missile provocations," the South's foreign ministry said in a statement.
Four South Korean fighter jets bombed a military firing range on Tuesday after President Moon Jae-in asked the military to demonstrate capabilities to counter North Korea.
South Korea and the United States had discussed deploying additional "strategic assets" on the Korean peninsula, the presidential Blue House said in a statement, without giving any more details.
North Korea remained defiant.
"The US should know that it can neither browbeat the DPRK with any economic sanctions and military threats and blackmails nor make the DPRK flinch from the road chosen by itself," North Korea's official Rodong Sinmun said later.