The chancellor spoke as cross-party negotiations to try to break the Brexit deadlock took place in Whitehall on Friday after the UK’s exit date from the EU was delayed until October 31.
Hammond told the Bloomberg news agency: “The prime minister has said that she will leave once she has done the deal and taken us out of the European Union.
“But, as far as I know, she doesn’t have any intention of leaving until that deal is done. So, she is a person with a strong sense of duty.
“She feels that she has got a duty, and an obligation to the British people to deliver Brexit and she will certainly want to make good on that obligation.”
Asked about the implications of a Tory leadership contest, Hammond said: “Let’s be honest, we have already got people jockeying for position to succeed her, but that’s just one of those things.”
The chancellor said Labour was not clear on whether it wanted a new Brexit referendum.
Hammond said: “The Labour Party itself isn’t really clear yet whether it wants to argue for a second confirmatory referendum.
“Some people in Labour do, some people in Labour are very strongly opposed to it.
“So, they have got to decide whether it’s an ask yet… in these discussions.
“And then if they did, what that would mean would be some kind of process by which the House of Commons was invited to decide on this issue.
“Now, some people in the Commons are very keen on a second referendum, but some are strongly against.
“So, I think this is a very open question at the moment whether they are going to ask for it, and if they do, what would actually happen when it is voted on in the Commons.”
The prime minister has made clear she intends to bring her Brexit deal back to the Commons for a fourth time after EU leaders agreed to extend the Article 50 withdrawal process to October 31.
No.10 is still hoping they can get a deal through parliament in time to avoid the need for Britain to vote in elections to the European Parliament on May 23.
The UK is now formally on track to hold elections, having informed the European authorities ahead of Friday’s deadline that it would be taking part in the ballots occurring across the continent from May 23-26.
However, it is possible for the vote to be cancelled right up to the day before polling if a withdrawal deal is agreed by MPs.
Preparations for the polls were stepping up a gear, with Nigel Farage launching his new Brexit Party in Coventry.
The former Ukip leader said the existing parties should “fear the electorate” who feel “betrayed” by the failure to deliver EU withdrawal almost three years after the 2016 referendum.